Rule of thumb: groups on the right in the Fischer projection point down in the Haworth; the terminal CH2OH points up for a D-sugar.
1. A Haworth projection shows a cyclic sugar as a flat ring drawn edge-on in perspective.
The near edge of the ring is drawn with bold lines toward the viewer; substituents stick straight up or down.
2. The ring forms when the sugar's own hydroxyl attacks its carbonyl carbon, making an intramolecular hemiacetal.
This closes the open-chain sugar into the ring you draw in Haworth form.
3. By convention the ring oxygen sits at the upper right and the anomeric carbon (former carbonyl, C1) sits on the far right.
Orienting the ring this way lets every chemist read the same structure the same way.
4. Groups that point right in the Fischer projection point down in the Haworth, and left-pointing groups point up.
This simple "right goes down" rule converts any Fischer stereocenter into its Haworth position.
5. For a D-sugar the terminal CH2OH points up, fixing which face is which.
Placing CH2OH up on the ring carbon nearest the oxygen distinguishes a D-sugar from its L-mirror image.
6. Summary
Flat ring, edge-on · ring O upper-right · anomeric C on the far right · Fischer right → Haworth down · CH2OH up for D · ring closes as a hemiacetal.
Quiz yourself
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At the upper right, toward the back of the ring, with the anomeric carbon (C1) on the far right.
Down. Right-pointing Fischer groups point down; left-pointing groups point up.
Up. An up CH2OH marks the D configuration; an L-sugar would have it down.
An intramolecular hemiacetal, made when the sugar's own hydroxyl attacks its aldehyde or ketone carbon.
Draw this on the whiteboard
Open the OChem Board whiteboard — benzene rings, wedge/dash bonds, and a clickable periodic table built in. No account needed.